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Saraswati, day of knowledge descent". The Bali Times. 2013. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Navratri rituals: Golu, Saraswati Puja, Vidyarambham..." The Deccan Chronicle. 5 October 2013. p.4. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. McFarland, George (1944). Thai-English Dictionary. Stanford University Press. p.790. ISBN 9780804703833– via Google Books.
a b Zurbuchen, Mary Sabine (2014). The Language of Balinese Shadow Theater. Princeton University Press. pp.49–57. ISBN 978-0691608129. The temple of Sulis Minerva was known for having a miraculous altar-fire that burned coal as opposed to the traditional wood. [23] Carrawburgh [ edit ] Kinsley, David (1998). Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The ten mahāvidyās. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 81-208-1523-8. Puranas like the Matsya also contain iconographic descriptions of Saraswati, which provide the basis for her classic four armed form holding a book (representing the Vedas), mala, veena, and a water pot while being mounted on a swan ( hamsa). [55] Association with Brahma Also: Tsongkhapa, Je (24 March 2015). The Splendor of an Autumn Moon: The devotional verse of Tsongkhapa. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9780861717705 . Retrieved 24 January 2018– via Google Books.Metis, the Titan associated most closely with wisdom and the mother of Athena, whose name in Ancient Greek described a combination of wisdom and cunning. [12] [13] a b Balf, Edward (1885). The Encyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia. p.534 – via Google Books.
As Minerva Medica, she was the goddess of medicine and physicians. As Minerva Achaea, she was worshipped at Lucera in Apulia where votive gifts and arms said to be those of Diomedes were preserved in her temple. [16] [17] a white, two-armed epiphany in which she plays her supernal lute, or vina. The instrument is made oflapis lazuli and has a thousand strings capable of eliciting every musical note. Sarasvati's melodies pervade the universe and delight all types of beings in accordance with whatever is most pleasing to their ears. She sits with ankles crossed and knees raised in a distinctive posture suitable for balancing a musical instrument. [110] Wielding in her lotus-hands the bell, trident, ploughshare, conch, pestle, discus, bow, and arrow, her lustre is like that of a moon shining in the autumn sky. She is born from the body of Gauri and is the sustaining base of the three worlds. That Mahasaraswati I worship here who destroyed Sumbha and other asuras. [90]
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Lurker, Manfred (2004-08-02). The Routledge Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons. doi: 10.4324/9780203643518. ISBN 9780203643518. In Buddhism, she is venerated in many forms, including the East Asian Benzaiten (辯才天, "Eloquence Talent Deity"). [10] [11] Etymology Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1978). Vedic Mythology. Motilal Banarsidass (Reprint). ISBN 978-81-208-1113-3. The Holy Spirit is the person of the Triune Godhead who is tasked with guiding humans towards knowledge of righteous action. The Spirit's duties includes pointing non-believers towards knowledge of the Christian faith, and the faithful towards knowledge of right and just action and lifestyle. [9]
Matangi is important in Shri Vidya Shaktism, where she is also known as the dark blue Shyamala ("dark in complexion") and is a manifestation of Lalita Tripurasundari's Jñana Shakti (wisdom power), having arisen out of Lalita's sugarcane bow. [68] She is celebrated in the holiday Syamala Navaratri and is seen as Lalita's prime minister. There are various chants and odes ( stotras) to this deity, perhaps the most important being the Śrī Śyāmalā Daṇḍakam by the great Indian Sanskrit poet Kalidasa. [69] [70] Other Hindu sources
Athena: Myths and Hidden Truths
In early texts like the Rigveda, Saraswati was a river goddess and the personification of the Sarasvati river. [80] As a river goddess, she represented fertility and purity. [80] There are three hymns in the Rigveda which are dedicated to the Sarasvati River. [81] A Rigvedic prayer also describes her as 'the best of mothers, of rivers and of goddesses'. [81] In Tantric Shakta sources, Saraswati takes many forms. A key tantric form is Matangi, a deity considered to be the "Tantric Saraswati". Mātaṅgī retains many attributes of Saraswati, like music and learning, but is also associated with defeating enemies, disease, pollution/impurity, and outcasts ( chandalas). [67] She is often offered half eaten or leftover food and is green in color. Matangi is also part of the Shakta set of goddesses known as the ten Mahavidyas. In Hinduism, Saraswati has retained her significance as an important goddess, from the Vedic age up to the present day. [7] She is praised in the Vedas as a water goddess of purification, while in the Dharmashastras, Saraswati is invoked to remind the reader to meditate on virtue, and on the meaning ( artha) of one's actions ( karma).
The goddess is mentioned in many Rigvedic hymns, and has three hymns dedicated to her (6:61 exclusively, and 7:95-96 which she shares with her male counterpart, Sarasvant). [21] In Rigveda 2.41.16 she is called: "Best of mothers, the best of rivers, best of goddesses". [24] Wayman, Alex (1984). Buddhist Insight: Essays, pp. 436-437. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. (Buddhist Traditon Series). The Saraswati Day festival has a long history in Bali. [106] It has become more widespread in Hindu community of Indonesia in recent decades, and it is celebrated with theatre and dance performance. [104] Southeast asiaColbrooke, H.T. Sacred writings of the Hindus. London, UK: Williams & Norgate. pp.16–17. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. A sculpture of Minerva by Andy Scott, known as the Briggate Minerva, stands outside Trinity Leeds shopping centre. Ludvik, Catherine (2007). Sarasvatī: Riverine Goddess of Knowledge. Brill's Indological Library. Vol.27. BRILL. a b Wolters, O.W. (1989). History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives. pp.87–89. ISBN 978-9971902421.
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